perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

- NAME
- DESCRIPTION
- BASIC DOCUMENTATION
  - perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
  - perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24
  - perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
  - perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $,
  - perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
  - perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
  - perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
  - perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
  - perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date:
  - perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
  - perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:29
  - perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
  - perldata - Perl data types
  - perlsyn - Perl syntax
  - perlop - Perl operators and precedence
  - perlre - Perl regular expressions
  - perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
  - perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
  - perlvar - Perl predefined variables
  - perlsub - Perl subroutines
  - perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
  - perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
  - perlform - Perl formats
  - perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
  - perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
  - perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
  - perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
  - perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
  - perlobj - Perl objects
  - perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
  - perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
  - perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
  - perldebug - Perl debugging
  - perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
  - perlsec - Perl security
  - perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
  - perlstyle - Perl style guide
  - perlpod - plain old documentation
  - perlbook - Perl book information
  - perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
  - perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
  - perlxs - XS language reference manual
  - perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
  - perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
  - perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
- PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
  - autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
  - blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
  - constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
  - diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
  - integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
  - less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
  - lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
  - locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
  - ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
  - overload - Package for overloading perl operations
  - sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
  - strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
  - subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
  - vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
- MODULE DOCUMENTATION
  - AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
  - AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
  - AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
  - Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
  - Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
  - CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
  - CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
  - CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
  - CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
  - CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
  - CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
  - CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
  - CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
  - CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
  - Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
  - Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
  - Config - access Perl configuration information
  - Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
  - DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
  - Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
  - DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
  - DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
  - English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
  - Env - perl module that imports environment variables
  - Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
  - ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
  - ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
  - ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
  - ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
  - ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
  - ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
  - ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
  - ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
  - ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
  - ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
  - ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
  - ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
  - ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
  - ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
  - Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
  - File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
  - File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
  - File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
  - File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
  - File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
  - File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
  - File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
  - File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
  - FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
  - FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
  - FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
  - GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
  - Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
  - Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
  - I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
  - IO - load various IO modules
  - IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
  - IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
  - IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
  - IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
  - IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
  - IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
  - IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
  - IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
  - IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
  - IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
  - IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
  - IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
  - IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
  - IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
  - Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
  - Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
  - Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
  - Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
  - NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
  - Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
  - Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
  - Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
  - Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
  - Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
  - ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
  - Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
  - Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
  - Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
  - POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
  - Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
  - Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
  - SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
  - Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
  - Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
  - SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
  - SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
  - Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
  - Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
  - Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
  - Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
  - Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
  - Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
  - Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
  - Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various readline packages. If
  - Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
  - Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
  - Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
  - Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
  - Text::Tabs - expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
  - Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
  - Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
  - Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
  - Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
  - Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
  - Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
  - Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
  - Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
  - Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
  - UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
  - User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
  - User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
- AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
- AUTHOR

# NAME

perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

# DESCRIPTION

This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for.

# BASIC DOCUMENTATION

## perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping, Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability, Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant, Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability

ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
FILES
SEE ALSO
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
NOTES

  ## perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24 22:46:06 $)

DESCRIPTION
  perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, the perlfaq1 manpage: General Questions About Perl, the perlfaq2 manpage: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, the perlfaq3 manpage: Programming Tools, the perlfaq4 manpage: Data Manipulation, the perlfaq5 manpage: Files and Formats, the perlfaq6 manpage: Regexps, the perlfaq7 manpage: General Perl Language Issues, the perlfaq8 manpage: System Interaction, the perlfaq9 manpage: Networking

  Where to get this document
  How to contribute to this document
  What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors
Credits
Author and Copyright Information
  Noncommercial Reproduction
  Commercial Reproduction
  Disclaimer
Changes
  24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97

  ## perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)

DESCRIPTION
  What is Perl?
  Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
  Which version of Perl should I use?
  What are perl4 and perl5?
  How stable is Perl?
  Is Perl difficult to learn?
  How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
  Can I do [task] in Perl?
  When shouldn't I program in Perl?
  What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
  Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
  What is a JAPH?
  Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
  How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  ## perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)

DESCRIPTION
  What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
  How can I get a binary version of Perl?
  I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
  I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work.
  I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
  What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?
  Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
  Where can I get information on Perl?
  What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
  Where should I post source code?
  Perl Books
  Perl in Magazines
  Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
  What mailing lists are there for perl?
    MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats

  Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
  Perl Training
  Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
  Where do I send bug reports?
  What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
  How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  ## perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:43:42 $)

DESCRIPTION
  How do I do (anything)?
  How can I use Perl interactively?
  Is there a Perl shell?
  How do I debug my Perl programs?
  How do I profile my Perl programs?
  How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
  Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
  Is there a ctags for Perl?
  Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
  Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
  How can I use curses with Perl?
  How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
  How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
  Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
  What is undump?
  How can I make my Perl program run faster?
  How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
  Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
  How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
  How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
  How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
  How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
  How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
  Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
  Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
  Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
  Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
  Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
  I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?
  When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
  What's MakeMaker?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  ## perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:43:57 $)

DESCRIPTION
Data: Numbers
  Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
  Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
  Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?
  How do I convert bits into ints?
  How do I multiply matrices?
  How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
  How can I output Roman numerals?
  Why aren't my random numbers random?
Data: Dates
  How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
  How can I compare two date strings?
  How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
  How can I find the Julian Day?
  Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
Data: Strings
  How do I validate input?
  How do I unescape a string?
  How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
  How do I expand function calls in a string?
  How do I find matching/nesting anything?
  How do I reverse a string?
  How do I expand tabs in a string?
  How do I reformat a paragraph?
  How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
  How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
  How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?
  How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
  How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)
  How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
  How do I extract selected columns from a string?
  How do I find the soundex value of a string?
  How can I expand variables in text strings?
  What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
  Why don't my <
    1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag

Data: Arrays
  What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
  How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
    a) If `@in` is sorted, and you want `@out` to be sorted:, b) If you don't know whether `@in` is sorted:, c) Like (b), but `@in` contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but `@in` contains only small positive integers:

  How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
  How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?
  How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
  How do I handle linked lists?
  How do I handle circular lists?
  How do I shuffle an array randomly?
  How do I process/modify each element of an array?
  How do I select a random element from an array?
  How do I permute N elements of a list?
  How do I sort an array by (anything)?
  How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
  Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
  How do I process an entire hash?
  What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?
  How do I look up a hash element by value?
  How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
  How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
  How can I always keep my hash sorted?
  What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
  Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
  How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
  How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
  How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
  How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
  Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?
  How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
  How can I use a reference as a hash key?
Data: Misc
  How do I handle binary data correctly?
  How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
  How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
  How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
  How do I define methods for every class/object?
  How do I verify a credit card checksum?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  ## perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:02 $)

DESCRIPTION
  How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
  How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
  How do I count the number of lines in a file?
  How do I make a temporary file name?
  How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
  How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
  How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
  How can I write() into a string?
  How can I output my numbers with commas added?
  How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
  How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
  Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
  Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
  How can I open a file with a leading "gt" or trailing blanks?
  How can I reliably rename a file?
  How can I lock a file?
  What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
  I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?
  How do I randomly update a binary file?
  How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
  How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
  How do I print to more than one file at once?
  How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
  How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
  How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
  How do I open a file without blocking?
  How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
  How do I do a tail -f in perl?
  How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
  How do I close a file descriptor by number?
  Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
  Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
  Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does -i clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
  How do I select a random line from a file?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  ## perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)

DESCRIPTION
  How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code?
    Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different Delimiters

  I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
  How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines?
  I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
  How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?
  How can I make \w match accented characters?
  How can I match a locale-smart version of /[a-zA-Z]/?
  How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
  What is /o really for?
  How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?
  Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
  What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
  How do I process each word on each line?
  How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
  How can I do approximate matching?
  How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
  Why don't word-boundary searches with \b work for me?
  Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
  What good is \G in a regular expression?
  Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
  What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
  How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  ## perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)

DESCRIPTION
  Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
  What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them?
  Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas?
  How do I skip some return values?
  How do I temporarily block warnings?
  What's an extension?
  Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
  How do I declare/create a structure?
  How do I create a module?
  How do I create a class?
  How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
  What's a closure?
  What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
  How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regexp}?
    Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps, Passing Methods

  How do I create a static variable?
  What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()?
  How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope?
  What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
  Why doesn't "local($foo) = ;" work right?
  How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
  What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
  How do I create a switch or case statement?
  How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
  Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
  How can I find out my current package?
  How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  ## perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:19 $)

DESCRIPTION
  How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
  How come exec() doesn't return?
  How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
    Keyboard, Screen, Mouse

  How do I ask the user for a password?
  How do I read and write the serial port?
    lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input

  How do I decode encrypted password files?
  How do I start a process in the background?
    STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies

  How do I trap control characters/signals?
  How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
  How do I set the time and date?
  How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
  How can I measure time under a second?
  How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
  Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
  How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
  Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
  Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
  How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
  Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
  How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
  Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
  What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
  How can I call backticks without shell processing?
  Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
  How can I convert my shell script to perl?
  Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
  How can I write expect in Perl?
  Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"?
  I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?
    Unix, VMS

  How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?
  How do I fork a daemon process?
  How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
  How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
  How do I timeout a slow event?
  How do I set CPU limits?
  How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
  How do I use an SQL database?
  How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
  How do I open a file without blocking?
  How do I install a CPAN module?
  How do I keep my own module/library directory?
  How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?
  How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  ## perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:29 $)

DESCRIPTION
  My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can you help me fix it?
  How do I remove HTML from a string?
  How do I extract URLs?
  How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?
  How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
  How do I fetch an HTML file?
  how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
  How do I redirect to another page?
  How do I put a password on my web pages?
  How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
  How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?
  How do I parse an email header?
  How do I decode a CGI form?
  How do I check a valid email address?
  How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
  How do I return the user's email address?
  How do I send/read mail?
  How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
  How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
  How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
  How can I do RPC in Perl?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

  ## perldelta - what's new for perl5.004

DESCRIPTION
Supported Environments
Core Changes
  List assignment to %ENV works
  "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC
  Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
  $PERL5OPT environment variable
  Limitations on -M, -m, and -T options
  More precise warnings
  Deprecated: Inherited AUTOLOAD for non-methods
  Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
  Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
  Group vector changeable with $)
  Fixed parsing of $$, &$, etc.
  No resetting of $. on implicit close
  wantarray may return undef
  Changes to tainting checks
    No `glob()` or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted `$TERM` doesn't look like a terminal name

  New Opcode module and revised Safe module
  Embedding improvements
  Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
  Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
  New and changed syntax
    $coderef->(PARAMS)

  New and changed builtin constants
    __PACKAGE__

  New and changed builtin variables
    $^E, $^H, $^M

  New and changed builtin functions
    delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, `my()` in Control Structures, `pack()` and `unpack(),` `sysseek(),` use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, `prototype(FUNCTION),` srand, `$_` as Default, `m//gc` does not reset search position on failure, `m//x` ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested sub{} closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals

  New builtin methods
    `isa(CLASS),` `can(METHOD),` `VERSION(` [NEED] )

  TIEHANDLE now supported
    TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this

  Malloc enhancements
    -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE

  Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
Support for More Operating Systems
  Win32
  Plan 9
  QNX
  AmigaOS
Pragmata
  use autouse MODULE => `qw(sub1` sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish

Modules
  Required Updates
  Installation directories
  Module information summary
  Fcntl
  IO
  Math::Complex
  Math::Trig
  DB_File
  Net::Ping
  Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
Utility Changes
  pod2html
    Sends converted HTML to standard output

  xsubpp
    void XSUBs now default to returning nothing

C Language API Changes
  gv_fetchmethod and perl_call_sv, perl_eval_pv, Extended API for manipulating hashes

Documentation Changes
  the perldelta manpage, the perlfaq manpage, the perllocale manpage, the perltoot manpage, the perlapio manpage, the perlmodlib manpage, the perldebug manpage, the perlsec manpage

New Diagnostics
  ``my'' variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on `scalar(%s),` Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword (``%s'') as %s ref while ``strict refs'' in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: ``%s'', Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name ``%s::%s'' used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in `qw()` list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for `` -T'' option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of ``$$<digit>'' to mean ``${$}<digit>'' is deprecated, Value of %s can be ``0''; test with `defined(),` Variable ``%s'' may be unavailable, Variable ``%s'' will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s

BUGS
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

  ## perldata - Perl data types

DESCRIPTION
  Variable names
  Context
  Scalar values
  Scalar value constructors
  List value constructors
  Typeglobs and Filehandles

  ## perlsyn - Perl syntax

DESCRIPTION
  Declarations
  Simple statements
  Compound statements
  Loop Control
  For Loops
  Foreach Loops
  Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
  Goto
  PODs: Embedded Documentation
  Plain Old Comments (Not!)

  ## perlop - Perl operators and precedence

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
  The Arrow Operator
  Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
  Exponentiation
  Symbolic Unary Operators
  Binding Operators
  Multiplicative Operators
  Additive Operators
  Shift Operators
  Named Unary Operators
  Relational Operators
  Equality Operators
  Bitwise And
  Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
  C-style Logical And
  C-style Logical Or
  Range Operator
  Conditional Operator
  Assignment Operators
  Comma Operator
  List Operators (Rightward)
  Logical Not
  Logical And
  Logical or and Exclusive Or
  C Operators Missing From Perl
    unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

  Quote and Quote-like Operators
  Regexp Quote-Like Operators
    ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, `'STRING'`, qq/STRING/, ``STRING'', qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds

  I/O Operators
  Constant Folding
  Integer Arithmetic
  Floating-point Arithmetic

  ## perlre - Perl regular expressions

DESCRIPTION
  i, m, s, x

  Regular Expressions
    (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)

  Backtracking
  Version 8 Regular Expressions
  WARNING on \1 vs $1
  SEE ALSO

  ## perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  1. OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh

Switches
  -0[digits], -a, -c, -d, -d: foo, -Dnumber, -Dlist, -e commandline, -Fpattern, -h, -i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module, -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -T, -u, -U, -v, -V, -V: name, -w, -x directory

ENVIRONMENT
  HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to WIN32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL

  ## perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

DESCRIPTION

       I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>

  Perl Functions by Category
    Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5

  Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
    -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do `SUBROUTINE(LIST),` do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///

  ## perlvar - Perl predefined variables

DESCRIPTION
  Predefined Names
    $ARG, $_, $<digit>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $``, $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $], $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M

  ## perlsub - Perl subroutines

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Private Variables via my()
  Temporary Values via local()
  Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
  Pass by Reference
  Prototypes
  Constant Functions
  Overriding Builtin Functions
  Autoloading
SEE ALSO

  ## perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

DESCRIPTION
  Packages
  Symbol Tables
  Package Constructors and Destructors
  Perl Classes
  Perl Modules
SEE ALSO

  ## perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

DESCRIPTION
THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
  Pragmatic Modules
    use autouse MODULE => `qw(sub1` sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars

  Standard Modules
    AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent

  Extension Modules
CPAN
  Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, South America

Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
  Guidelines for Module Creation
    Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, README and other Additional Files, A description of the module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take care when changing a released module

  Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
    There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' to ::, Converts `die(...)` to `croak(...),` Several other minor changes

  Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
    Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small

NOTE

  ## perlform - Perl formats

DESCRIPTION
  Format Variables
NOTES
  Footers
  Accessing Formatting Internals
WARNINGS

  ## perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)

DESCRIPTION
PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
USING LOCALES
  The use locale pragma
  The setlocale function
  The localeconv function
LOCALE CATEGORIES
  Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
  Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
  Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
  Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
  LC_TIME
  Other categories
SECURITY
  Comparison operators (lt, `le`, `ge`, gt and `cmp`):, Case-mapping interpolation (with \l, \L, `\u` or < \U>), Matching operator (m//):, Substitution operator (s///):, In-memory formatting function (sprintf()):, Output formatting functions (printf() and `write()):,` Case-mapping functions (lc(), `lcfirst(),` `uc(),` `ucfirst()):,` POSIX locale-dependent functions (localeconv(), `strcoll(),strftime(),` `strxfrm()):,` POSIX character class tests (isalnum(), `isalpha(),` `isdigit(),isgraph(),` `islower(),` `isprint(),` `ispunct(),` `isspace(),` `isupper(),` `isxdigit()):`

ENVIRONMENT
  PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

NOTES
  Backward compatibility
  I18N:Collate obsolete
  Sort speed and memory use impacts
  write() and LC_NUMERIC
  Freely available locale definitions
  I18n and l10n
  An imperfect standard
BUGS
  Broken systems
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

  ## perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

DESCRIPTION
  Symbolic references
  Not-so-symbolic references
WARNING
SEE ALSO

  ## perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

DESCRIPTION
  arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs

REFERENCES
COMMON MISTAKES
CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS use strict
DEBUGGING
CODE EXAMPLES
LISTS OF LISTS
  Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
  Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
  Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
HASHES OF LISTS
  Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
  Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
  Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
LISTS OF HASHES
  Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
  Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
  Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
HASHES OF HASHES
  Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
  Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
  Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
  Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
  Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
  Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Database Ties
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

  ## perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl

DESCRIPTION
Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
Growing Your Own
Access and Printing
Slices
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

  ## perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl

DESCRIPTION
Creating a Class
  Object Representation
  Class Interface
  Constructors and Instance Methods
  Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
  Destructors
  Other Object Methods
Class Data
  Accessing Class Data
  Debugging Methods
  Class Destructors
  Documenting the Interface
Aggregation
Inheritance
  Overridden Methods
  Multiple Inheritance
  UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
Alternate Object Representations
  Arrays as Objects
  Closures as Objects
AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
  Autoloaded Data Methods
  Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
Metaclassical Tools
  Class::Struct
  Data Members as Variables
  NOTES
  Object Terminology
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
  Acknowledgments

  ## perlobj - Perl objects

DESCRIPTION
  An Object is Simply a Reference
  A Class is Simply a Package
  A Method is Simply a Subroutine
  Method Invocation
  Default UNIVERSAL methods
    `isa(CLASS),` `can(METHOD),` `VERSION(` [NEED] )

  Destructors
  WARNING
  Summary
  Two-Phased Garbage Collection
SEE ALSO

  ## perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Tying Scalars
    TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this

  Tying Arrays
    TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, DESTROY this

  Tying Hashes
    USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this

  Tying FileHandles
    TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this

  The untie Gotcha
SEE ALSO
BUGS
AUTHOR

  ## perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)

DESCRIPTION
OO SCALING TIPS
INSTANCE VARIABLES
SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
THINKING OF CODE REUSE
CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
DELEGATION

  ## perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

DESCRIPTION
Signals
Named Pipes
Using open() for IPC
  Filehandles
  Background Processes
  Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
  Safe Pipe Opens
  Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
Sockets: Client/Server Communication
  Internet TCP Clients and Servers
  Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
TCP Clients with IO::Socket
  A Simple Client
    Proto, PeerAddr, PeerPort

  A Webget Client
  Interactive Client with IO::Socket
TCP Servers with IO::Socket
  Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

UDP: Message Passing
SysV IPC
NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

  ## perldebug - Perl debugging

DESCRIPTION
The Perl Debugger
  Debugger Commands
    h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], < CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt``val''] [opt?].., recallCommand, `ShellBang`, pager, tkRunning, signalLevel, `warnLevel`, `dieLevel`, AutoTrace, LineInfo, inhibit_exit, PrintRet, ornaments, frame, maxTraceLen, arrayDepth, `hashDepth`, compactDump, `veryCompact`, globPrint, DumpDBFiles, DumpPackages, quote, `HighBit`, `undefPrint`, UsageOnly, TTY, noTTY, ReadLine, NonStop, < [ command ], << command, > command, >> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value], command, m expr, m package

  Debugger input/output
    Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing

  Debugging compile-time statements
  Debugger Customization
  Readline Support
  Editor Support for Debugging
  The Perl Profiler
  Debugger support in perl
  Debugger Internals
  Other resources
BUGS

  ## perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

DESCRIPTION

  ## perlsec - Perl security

DESCRIPTION
  Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
  Switches On the "#!" Line
  Cleaning Up Your Path
  Security Bugs
  Protecting Your Programs

  ## perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

DESCRIPTION
  Awk Traps
  C Traps
  Sed Traps
  Shell Traps
  Perl Traps
  Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
    Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps

  Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
    Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance

  Parsing Traps
    Parsing, Parsing, Parsing

  Numerical Traps
    Numerical, Numerical, Numerical

  General data type traps
    (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)

  Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
    (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)

  Precedence Traps
    Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence

  General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
    Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression

  Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
    (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), `warn()` won't let you specify a filehandle

  OS Traps
    (SysV), (SysV)

  Interpolation Traps
    Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation

  DBM Traps
    DBM, DBM

  Unclassified Traps
    Unclassified

  ## perlstyle - Perl style guide

DESCRIPTION

  ## perlpod - plain old documentation

DESCRIPTION
Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
Common Pod Pitfalls
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

  ## perlbook - Perl book information

DESCRIPTION

  ## perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

DESCRIPTION
  PREAMBLE
    Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?

  ROADMAP
  Compiling your C program
  Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
  Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
  Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
  Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
  Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
  Maintaining a persistent interpreter
  Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
  Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program
Embedding Perl under Win32
MORAL
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

  ## perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  PerlIO *, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(), PerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(s,f), PerlIO_putc(c,f), PerlIO_ungetc(c,f), PerlIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f), PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_seek(f,o,w), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p), PerlIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile()

  Co-existence with stdio
    PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_findFILE(f), PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f), PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)

  ## perlxs - XS language reference manual

DESCRIPTION
  Introduction
  On The Road
  The Anatomy of an XSUB
  The Argument Stack
  The RETVAL Variable
  The MODULE Keyword
  The PACKAGE Keyword
  The PREFIX Keyword
  The OUTPUT: Keyword
  The CODE: Keyword
  The INIT: Keyword
  The NO_INIT Keyword
  Initializing Function Parameters
  Default Parameter Values
  The PREINIT: Keyword
  The SCOPE: Keyword
  The INPUT: Keyword
  Variable-length Parameter Lists
  The PPCODE: Keyword
  Returning Undef And Empty Lists
  The REQUIRE: Keyword
  The CLEANUP: Keyword
  The BOOT: Keyword
  The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
  The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
  The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
  The ALIAS: Keyword
  The INCLUDE: Keyword
  The CASE: Keyword
  The & Unary Operator
  Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
  Using XS With C++
  Interface Strategy
  Perl Objects And C Structures
  The Typemap
EXAMPLES
XS VERSION
AUTHOR

  ## perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs

DESCRIPTION
  VERSION CAVEAT
  DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
  EXAMPLE 1
  EXAMPLE 2
  WHAT HAS GONE ON?
  WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
  EXAMPLE 3
  WHAT'S NEW HERE?
  INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
  THE XSUBPP COMPILER
  THE TYPEMAP FILE
  WARNING
  EXAMPLE 4
  WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
  SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
  THE ARGUMENT STACK
  EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
  DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
  INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
  SEE ALSO
  Author
  Last Changed

  ## perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions

DESCRIPTION
Variables
  Datatypes
  What is an "IV"?
  Working with SVs
  What's Really Stored in an SV?
  Working with AVs
  Working with HVs
  Hash API Extensions
  References
  Blessed References and Class Objects
  Creating New Variables
  Reference Counts and Mortality
  Stashes and Globs
  Double-Typed SVs
  Magic Variables
  Assigning Magic
  Magic Virtual Tables
  Finding Magic
  Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
Subroutines
  XSUBs and the Argument Stack
  Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
  Memory Allocation
  PerlIO
  Putting a C value on Perl stack
  Scratchpads
  Scratchpads and recursion
Compiled code
  Code tree
  Examining the tree
  Compile pass 1: check routines
  Compile pass 1a: constant folding
  Compile pass 2: context propagation
  Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
API LISTING
  AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear, hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv, newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv, perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse, perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc, saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvf, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_dec, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN, sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK, SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only, SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvf, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero

EDITOR
DATE

  ## perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C

DESCRIPTION
  An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
  perl_call_sv, perl_call_pv, perl_call_method, perl_call_argv

FLAG VALUES
  G_VOID
  G_SCALAR
  G_ARRAY
  G_DISCARD
  G_NOARGS
  G_EVAL
  G_KEEPERR
  Determining the Context
KNOWN PROBLEMS
EXAMPLES
  No Parameters, Nothing returned
  Passing Parameters
  Returning a Scalar
  Returning a list of values
  Returning a list in a scalar context
  Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
  Using G_EVAL
  Using G_KEEPERR
  Using perl_call_sv
  Using perl_call_argv
  Using perl_call_method
  Using GIMME_V
  Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
  Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
    1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback

  Alternate Stack Manipulation
  Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
DATE

  # PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION

  ## autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

  ## blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR

  ## constant - Perl pragma to declare constants

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
TECHNICAL NOTE
BUGS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

  ## diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  The diagnostics Pragma
  The splain Program
EXAMPLES
INTERNALS
BUGS
AUTHOR

  ## integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of double

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## lib - manipulate @INC at compile time

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
  DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
  RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

  ## locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

  ## overload - Package for overloading perl operations

SYNOPSIS
CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
DESCRIPTION
  Declaration of overloaded functions
  Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
    FALSE, TRUE, undef

  Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
  Overloadable Operations
    Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean, string and numeric conversion, Special

  Inheritance and overloading
    Strings as values of `use overload` directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes

SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR use overload
  Last Resort
  Fallback
    undef, TRUE, defined, but FALSE

  Copy Constructor
    Example

MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
  Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations, Increment and decrement, abs($a), Unary minus, Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations, Copy operator

WARNING
Run-time Overloading
Public functions
  overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)

IMPLEMENTATION
AUTHOR
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS

  ## sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
  SIGNAL HANDLERS
    stack-trace, die, handler your-handler

  SIGNAL LISTS
    normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals

  OTHER
    untrapped, any, signal, number

EXAMPLES

  ## strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  `strict refs`, `strict vars`, `strict subs`

  ## subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  # MODULE DOCUMENTATION

  ## AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  DBM Comparisons
    [0], [1], [2], [3]

SEE ALSO

  ## AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Subroutine Stubs
  Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
  Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
  Package Lexicals
  AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO

  ## AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS
DIAGNOSTICS

  ## Benchmark - benchmark running times of code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Methods
    new, debug

  Standard Exports
    `timeit(COUNT,` CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )

  Optional Exports
    clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )

NOTES
INHERITANCE
CAVEATS
AUTHORS
MODIFICATION HISTORY

  ## Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN

SYNOPSIS
CONTENTS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

  ## CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
INSTALLATION
DESCRIPTION
  CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
  CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
  FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
  FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
  FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
  SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
  APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
  IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
  DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
  DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
  SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
  CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
  COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
  CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
  CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
  GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
  CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
    Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..

  ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
CREATING FORMS
  CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
  STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
    application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data

  CREATING A TEXT FIELD
    Parameters

  CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
  CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
  CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
    Parameters

  CREATING A POPUP MENU
  CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
    Parameters:

  CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
    Parameters:

  CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
    Parameters:

  CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
    Parameters:

  CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
    Parameters:

  CREATING A RESET BUTTON
  CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
  CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
    Parameters:

  CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
    Parameters:, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE

  CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
NETSCAPE COOKIES
  1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a ``secure'' flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure

WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
  1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the <FORM> tag

LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
DEBUGGING
  DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(), path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name()Return the script name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, referer(), auth_type (), server_name (), virtual_host (), server_software (), remote_user (), user_name (), request_method()

CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
  PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
  Generating new HTML tags
IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
  cgi, form, html2, html3, netscape, shortcuts, standard, all

USING NPH SCRIPTS
  In the use statementSimply add ``:nph'' to the list of symbols to be imported into your script:, By calling the nph() method:, By using -nph parameters in the header() and redirect() statements:

AUTHOR INFORMATION
CREDITS
  Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish , Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..

A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
BUGS
SEE ALSO

  ## CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE 1
NOTE 2
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

  ## CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
CHANGE LOG
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

  ## CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
CAVEATS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

  ## CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USING CGI::Push
  -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires

INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
CAVEATS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

  ## CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first object available

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

  ## CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Interactive Mode
    Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or distribution

  CPAN::Shell
  autobundle
  recompile
  The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
  Programmer39s interface
    `expand($type,@things),` Programming Examples

  Cache Manager
  Bundles
  Prerequisites
  Debugging
  Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
CONFIGURATION
  o conf <scalar option>, o conf <scalar option> <value>, o conf <list option>, o conf <list option> [shift|pop], o conf <list option> [unshift|push|splice] <list>

SECURITY
EXPORT
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

  ## CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

  ## Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  The struct() function
  Element Types and Accessor Methods
    Scalar (`'$'` or `'*$'`), Array (`'@'` or `'*@'`), Hash (`'%'` or `'*%'`), Class (`'Class_Name'` or `'*Class_Name'`)

EXAMPLES
  Example 1, Example 2

Author and Modification History

  ## Config - access Perl configuration information

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  `myconfig(),` `config_sh(),` `config_vars(@names)`

EXAMPLE
WARNING
NOTE

  ## Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO

  Interface to Berkeley DB
  Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
  Default Parameters
  In Memory Databases
DB_HASH
  A Simple Example
DB_BTREE
  Changing the BTREE sort order
  Handling Duplicate Keys
  The get_dup() Method
  Matching Partial Keys
DB_RECNO
  The 'bval' Option
  A Simple Example
  Extra Methods
    $X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift, $X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length

  Another Example
THE API INTERFACE
  $status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->del($key [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $status = $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status = $X->sync([$flags]) ;

HINTS AND TIPS
  Locking Databases
  Sharing Databases With C Applications
  The untie() Gotcha
COMMON QUESTIONS
  Why is there Perl source in my database?
  How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
  What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
  What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
HISTORY
BUGS
AVAILABILITY
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

  ## Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, `dl_error(),` $dl_debug, `dl_findfile(),` `dl_expandspec(),` `dl_load_file(),` `dl_loadflags(),` `dl_find_symbol(),` `dl_find_symbol_anywhere(),` `dl_undef_symbols(),` `dl_install_xsub(),` `bootstrap()`

AUTHOR

  ## English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## Env - perl module that imports environment variables

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

  ## Exporter - Implements default import method for modules

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Selecting What To Export
  Specialised Import Lists
  Module Version Checking
  Managing Unknown Symbols
  Tag Handling Utility Functions

  ## ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath directory.., test_f file

BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

  ## ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
@EXPORT
FUNCTIONS
  `xsinit(),` Examples, `ldopts(),` Examples, `perl_inc(),` `ccflags(),` `ccdlflags(),` `ccopts(),` `xsi_header(),` `xsi_protos(@modules),` `xsi_body(@modules)`

EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

  ## ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions

  EXTRALIBS
  LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
  BSLOADLIBS
PORTABILITY
  VMS implementation
  Win32 implementation
SEE ALSO

  ## ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
  Preloaded methods
    canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir

  SelfLoaded methods
    c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o), const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o), dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o), dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan, extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl

  Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
    force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others, install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command, maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o), post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o), subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o), writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list

SEE ALSO

  ## ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Methods always loaded
    eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override), rootdir (override), updir (override)

  SelfLoaded methods
    guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override), file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override), realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override), dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext (override)

  ## ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)

  ## ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  How To Write A Makefile.PL
  Default Makefile Behaviour
  make test
  make testdb
  make install
  PREFIX and LIB attribute
  AFS users
  Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
  Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
  Which architecture dependent directory?
  Using Attributes and Parameters
    C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION

  Additional lowercase attributes
    clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean, tool_autosplit

  Overriding MakeMaker Methods
  Hintsfile support
  Distribution Support

           make distcheck,    make skipcheck,    make distclean,    make manifest,
          make distdir,    make tardist,    make dist,    make uutardist,    make
        shdist,    make zipdist,    make ci

SEE ALSO
AUTHORS

  ## ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
MANIFEST.SKIP
EXPORT_OK
GLOBAL VARIABLES
DIAGNOSTICS
  `Not in MANIFEST:` file, `No such file:` file, MANIFEST: $!, `Added to MANIFEST:` file

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

  ## ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

  ## ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE

AUTHOR
REVISION

  ## ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
EXPORTED SYMBOLS

  ## File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse

EXAMPLES
  `basename`, `dirname`

  ## File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
RETURN
AUTHOR

  ## File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Special behavior if syscopy is defined (VMS and OS/2)
    `rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])`

RETURN
AUTHOR

  ## File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTS (by request only)
BUGS
AUTHOR
HISTORY
SEE ALSO

  ## File::Find, find - traverse a file tree

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## File::Path - create or remove a series of directories

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS
REVISION

  ## File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

  ## FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS

  ## FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines

SEE ALSO

  ## FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
KNOWN BUGS
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
REVISION

  ## GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABILITY
BUGS
SEE ALSO

  ## Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line options

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  <none>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f

  Linkage specification
  Aliases and abbreviations
  Non-option call-back routine
  Option starters
  Return value
COMPATIBILITY
EXAMPLES
CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
  default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default: reset), debug (default: reset)

OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
  $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error

  ## Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## IO - load various IO modules

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile

METHODS
  `open(` FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )

SEE ALSO
HISTORY

  ## IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

METHODS
  $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush, $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint

NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY

  ## IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRCUTOR
  new ( [READER, WRITER] )

METHODS
  reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

  ## IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

  ## IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [ HANDLES ] )

METHODS
  add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), `bits(),` `bits(),` select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )

EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

  ## IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [ARGS] )

METHODS
  `accept([PKG]),` `timeout([VAL]),` `sockopt(OPT` [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol

SUB-CLASSES
  IO::Socket::INET
  METHODS
    sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()

  IO::Socket::UNIX
  METHODS
    `hostpath(),` `peerpath()`

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

  ## IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile

METHODS
  `open(` FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )

SEE ALSO
HISTORY

  ## IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

METHODS
  $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush, $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint

NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY

  ## IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRCUTOR
  new ( [READER, WRITER] )

METHODS
  reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

  ## IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

  ## IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [ HANDLES ] )

METHODS
  add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), `bits(),` `bits(),` select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )

EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

  ## IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [ARGS] )

METHODS
  `accept([PKG]),` `timeout([VAL]),` `sockopt(OPT` [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol

SUB-CLASSES
  IO::Socket::INET
  METHODS
    sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()

  IO::Socket::UNIX
  METHODS
    `hostpath(),` `peerpath()`

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

  ## IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
SEE ALSO

  ## IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING

  ## Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to

BUGS
AUTHOR

  ## Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Canonical notation, Input, Output

EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHOR

  ## Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPERATIONS
CREATION
STRINGIFICATION
USAGE
ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
BUGS
AUTHORS

  ## Math::Trig - trigonometric functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
  ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
  SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
ANGLE CONVERSIONS
BUGS
AUTHORS

  ## NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Functions
    Net::Ping->new([$proto [, `$def_timeout` [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->close();, `pingecho($host` [, $timeout]);

WARNING
NOTES

  ## Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR

  ## Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR

  ## Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

  ## Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR

  ## ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
WARNING
Operator Names and Operator Lists
  an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)

Opcode Functions
  opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)

Manipulating Opsets
TO DO (maybe)
Predefined Opcode Tags
  :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous

SEE ALSO
AUTHORS

  ## Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  a new namespace, an operator mask

WARNING
  RECENT CHANGES
  Methods in class Safe
    permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)

  Some Safety Issues
    Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes

  AUTHOR

  ## Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

  ## POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
CAVEATS
FUNCTIONS
  _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write

CLASSES
  POSIX::SigAction
    new

  POSIX::SigSet
    new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember

  POSIX::Termios
    new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values

PATHNAME CONSTANTS
  Constants

POSIX CONSTANTS
  Constants

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
  Constants

ERRNO
  Constants

FCNTL
  Constants

FLOAT
  Constants

LIMITS
  Constants

LOCALE
  Constants

MATH
  Constants

SIGNAL
  Constants

STAT
  Constants, Macros

STDLIB
  Constants

STDIO
  Constants

TIME
  Constants

UNISTD
  Constants

WAIT
  Constants, Macros

CREATION

  ## Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ARGUMENTS
  help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape, nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose

EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
BUGS
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT

  ## Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
TODO

  ## SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  a new namespace, an operator mask

WARNING
  RECENT CHANGES
  Methods in class Safe
    permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)

  Some Safety Issues
    Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes

  AUTHOR

  ## Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## SelfLoader - load functions only on demand

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  The __DATA__ token
  SelfLoader autoloading
  Autoloading and package lexicals
  SelfLoader and AutoLoader
  __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
  Classes and inherited methods.
Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names

  ## Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

  ## Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN

  ## Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

  ## Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog

EXAMPLES
DEPENDENCIES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

  ## Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES

  ## Term::Complete - Perl word completion module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>

DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
AUTHOR

  ## Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various readline packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Minimal set of supported functions
  ReadLine, `new`, readline, `addhistory`, `IN`, $`OUT`, `MinLine`, `findConsole`, Attribs, `Features`

Additional supported functions
EXPORTS
ENVIRONMENT

  ## Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  The test script output
EXPORT
DIAGNOSTICS
  `All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s`, `FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.`, `Test returned status %d (wstat %d)`, `Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s`, `Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s`

SEE ALSO
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BUGS

  ## Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE

  ## Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens

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DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS

  ## Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth

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DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
LIMITATIONS
AUTHOR

  ## Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)

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DESCRIPTION
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  ## Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
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AUTHOR

  ## Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this

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MORE INFORMATION

  ## Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
VERSION
SEE ALSO

  ## Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this

MORE INFORMATION

  ## Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing

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DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS

  ## Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

  ## Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function

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DESCRIPTION
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  ## Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function

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DESCRIPTION
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  ## Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime

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  ## UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ), can ( VAL, METHOD )

  ## User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions

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DESCRIPTION
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  ## User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions

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  # AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION

  Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet:

a2p
s2p
find2perl
h2ph
c2ph
h2xs
xsubpp
pod2man
wrapsuid

  # AUTHOR

  Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other folks.